by Jeanette O'Hagan
What does Christian faith and fantasy have to do with each
other? Should Christians write or read fantasy? Is it Biblical? Is it perhaps
harmful or deceptive?
Supernatural tales have been around since the dawn of time (myths,
legends, fairy tales, tall stories) and the 18th century novelists
loved tales of Gothic thrills (ghosts, spooky castles etc), With advent of
rationalism and modernism such romantic fantasies became less popular in the 19th
and 20th century though arguably, in the mid-twentieth century, it is two staunch Christians, C. S. Lewis
and J.R.R Tolkien, who did much to
reignite the interest in fantasy which the proliferation of the genre one
sees today in books and film. It’s hard to deny the influence that Tolkien has
had on modern fantasy – and it has been recently been cogently argued that Dr
Who may (in part) have been inspired by Lewis’ Narnia (which makes the 2013 Christmas
Special even more poignant). Both Lewis and Tolkien were influenced by George
MacDonald’s modern fairy tales (another Christian writer). Many would argue
(myself included) that Lewis’ fantasies strengthened their understanding of God
and, in some cases, brought them to faith in Christ. Philip Yancy (an
influential Christian author) credits reading Lewis’ fiction as part of his way
back from atheism to Christian faith. In a world that often tries to exclude
the supernatural, fantasy can whet people’s appetite for the transcendent.
On the other hand, when the Harry Potter phenomena was sweeping
the world, turning reluctant readers into avid fans, many Christians argued
that the books were harmful and should be shunned. To be honest, I had my
doubts about them and resisted the pressure to read them when my daughter was young – though we have
both since read the entire series. I was once told that the Narnia series
shouldn’t be read because it ‘had witches in it.’
Some Christians would say that fantasy is harmful, perhaps
even demonic, and should be avoided. Of course, some even argue against
Christian romance – or any fiction at all because it is ‘telling lies’ or mere
escapism. But fantasy (and certainly horror or paranormal fiction) seems to be
particularly open to criticism because it pushes the envelope of reality and usually
(but not always) includes supernatural beings and magical powers. After all,
doesn’t the Bible enjoin truth telling? Doesn’t it say:
And now, dear brothers and
sisters, one final thing. Fix your thoughts on what is true, and honorable, and
right, and pure, and lovely, and admirable. Think about things that are
excellent and worthy of praise. Philippians 4:8 (NLT)
And doesn’t it also contain strong prohibitions against
witchcraft and the practice of magic:
I will put an end to all
witchcraft, and there will be no more fortune-tellers (Micah 5:12, NLT) or And
do not let your people practice fortune-telling, or use sorcery, or interpret
omens, or engage in witchcraft. (Deut 18:10, NLT). (See also Lev 19:26, 31; Deut 18:14, Isa
2:6-8, 18, 20; 8:19-20; 47:9,12; Ezek 13:18-21; Acts)
Is fiction telling lies?
God does value honesty and the Bible is full of history —
with a careful respect for the names, dates, locations (Genesis to Chronicles,
the Gospels and Acts). However, both the prophets and Jesus used parables, some
realistic and some more imaginative. God himself used symbolism in dreams — and
the Apocalyptic books (much of Daniel and Revelation) revel in the use of
symbolism and almost bizarre images to express God’s truth. An imaginative use
of metaphor and story can engage our emotions and reveal truths we may not
otherwise have understood.
Is fiction, and particularly fantasy, escapist?
Well yes, to some extent. Freud claimed fiction was ‘fantasizing’
– a form of egregious wish fulfilment. The hero always wins, the heroine gets
her happily-ever-after or we can imagine ourselves visiting other worlds or
having superpowers. Yet, as we have seen with parables, imaginative stories can
help us see and deal with profound truths. In fiction we can use themes,
metaphors and images to communicate realities that can touch the heart in the
way a treatise or rational argument may not. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Charles Dickens’ novels had a tremendous
impact on 19th century social consciences. We can tell stories not
only to sooth, but also challenge and inspire, to imagine other possibilities
and other ways of dealing with the world’s problems. Science Fiction and
Fantasy are particularly good at exploring the big philosophical questions as
well as the personal. Moreover, fantasy (along perhaps with historical fiction)
is genre where inclusion of the supernatural and/or religion is almost expected
even in the general market.
Is it unsavoury?
Some Christians will argue that we should only read ‘clean’
fiction that doesn’t deal with difficult issues. Some object to any portrayal
of dark or satanic forces or magic in Christian fiction. However, it seems to me that the Bible itself
is not a ‘clean’ read by these standards. Like God himself, His Word doesn’t
shy away from showing life in all its grittiness or displaying the ugly, broken
side of human nature, sometimes in rather earthy language. It also mentions
spiritual forces and practices opposed to God. It includes demons, witches,
sorcerers and magical practices (through a critical lens). What it doesn’t do
is glorify immorality (calling bad good or good bad) and it always points to a
way forward in God, sometimes boldly (Exodus, the Gospels) and at other times
with more subtlety (Ruth, Esther).
It seems to me that we need to be careful to honour God in
all the fiction we write and read and that fantasy is not isolated in this
respect. Some time ago my husband and I decided to stop watching a heavy diet
of crime shows, because the shows seemed to be getting grislier and more
bizarre to maintain their shock value and this was giving a distorted picture
of the world. Another friend stopped devouring romance novels because it fuelled
a sense of dissatisfaction in her marriage when her husband did not come close
to living up to the romantic leads. Does this mean it’s wrong to watch crime
shows or that romance is not helpful? No, I don’t think so. What I think it
means is that we need to be sensitive to the effect of what we read and watch has
on us and that this will differ between different people.
This post has just opened the lid of this fantastical ‘can
of worms’ J Next
month, I will continue exploring the issues it raises:
Monday, September 7 Part Two — I’ll look at writing
about magic/supernatural in fiction.
Thursday, September 10 Part Three — I’ll look at what’s
helpful/beneficial in reading fantasy.
Fantasy Image: Jeanette O'Hagan © 2015
Scripture
quotations marked (NLT) are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation,
copyright ©1996, 2004, 2007, 2013 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by
permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All
rights reserved.
Jeanette O'Hagan has a short story published in the general market
Tied in Pink Romance Anthology (profits from the
anthology go towards Breast Cancer research) in December 2014 and two poems in
the
Poetica
Christi’s Inner Child anthology
launched in July 2015. She has practiced medicine, studied
communication, history and theology and has taught theology. She cares
for her children, has just finished her Masters of Arts (Writing) at Swinburne
University and is writing her
Akrad's fantasy
fiction series. You can read some of her short
fiction
here.